White blood cells (WBCs), also known as leukocytes, are a key component of the body's immune system and play a vital role in defending against infections and diseases. They are produced in the bone marrow and circulate in the bloodstream, ready to respond to harmful invaders such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and even cancerous cells. There are several types of white blood cells, each with specialized functions. Neutrophils are the most abundant and act as the body's first line of defense, attacking and engulfing pathogens. Lymphocytes, which include T-cells and B-cells, are responsible for adaptive immunity, recognizing and remembering specific pathogens to mount a more efficient response if encountered again.
White blood cells are capable of recognizing signs of infection or injury through special receptors that detect foreign invaders or abnormal cells. Upon encountering a threat, WBCs activate various immune responses, such as producing antibodies, releasing chemicals that signal other immune cells, or directly attacking and destroying infected cells. In addition to fighting infections, white blood cells also contribute to inflammation, a process that helps the body heal from injuries. A healthy immune system relies on the efficient functioning of white blood cells to protect the body from a wide range of diseases, making them essential to overall health and well-being. Shutdown123